Mechanical drive architecture with low-loss bearings with lubrication and low density materials.

专利摘要:
A mechanical drive architecture includes a gas turbine (10) having a compressor section (105), a turbine section (115), and a combustor section (110). By the gas turbine (10), a charge compressor (160) is driven. A rotor shaft (125) extends through the gas turbine (10) and the charge compressor (130). At least one of the rotating components (130, 135, 165) in the gas turbine (10) or the charge compressor (160) contains a low density material. Bearings (140) support the rotor shaft (125) within the gas turbine (10) and the charge compressor (160) with at least one of the bearings (140) being a low loss bearing (140) with lubrication.
公开号:CH709995A2
申请号:CH01165/15
申请日:2015-08-13
公开日:2016-02-15
发明作者:David Lee Williamson；Carlos Eduardo Silva；Raymond John Bankert
申请人:Gen Electric；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This patent application is related to the following applications assigned to the common assignee: US patent application Ser. 14/460 560, entitled "MULTI-STAGE AXIAL COMPRESSOR ARRANGEMENT"; US patent application serial no. 14/460 576, entitled "POWER TRAIN ARCHITECTURES WITH MONO-TYPE LOW-LOSS BEARING AND LOW-DENSITY MATERIALS (Low-Density, Low-Density, Low-Density Drive-Train Architecture Designs)"; US patent application serial no. No. 14 / 460,595, entitled "POWER TRAIN ARCHITECTURES WITH HYBRID-TYPE LOW-LOSS BEARING AND LOW-DENSITY MATERIALS (Hybrid Low-Density Low-Density Low-Duty Drive-Stream Architecture and Low Density Materials)"; US patent application serial no. No. 14 / 460,606, entitled "MECHANICAL DRIVE ARCHITECTURES WITH MONO-TYPE LOW-LOSS BEARING AND LOW-DENSITY MATERIALS (Low-Density Monosized Mechanical Drive Designs with Low-Density Materials)"; US patent application serial no. 14/460 620, entitled "MECHANICAL DRIVE ARCHITECTURES WITH HYBRID-TYPE LOW-LOSS BEARING AND LOW-DENSITY MATERIALS (hybrid low-loss mechanical low-density mechanical drive structures and low-density materials)"; and US patent application serial no. No. 14/460 410, entitled "POWER TRAIN ARCHITECTURES WITH LOW-LOSS LUBRICANT BEARING AND LOW-DENSITY MATERIALS (Low-Density Low-Density Powertrain Systems with Lubrication and Low Density Materials)». Each patent application identified above is filed concurrently with the present application and is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
The present invention relates generally to mechanical gas turbine turbines, and more particularly to mechanical drive architectures that can have low-loss bearings with lubrication and low density materials.
Gas turbines are used in many fields of industry, from military areas to power generation. Typically, gas turbines are used to generate electrical energy. However, some gas turbines are used to power various vehicles, aircraft, ships, etc. In the oil and gas field gas turbines can be used to drive compressors, pumps and / or generators. In a scenario where a gas turbine is used to drive a compressor in an industrial application (eg, injecting gas into a well to drive oil through another well), the compressor of the gas turbine compresses air with rows of rotating blades and stationary vanes , directs it to a combustion chamber in which the compressed air is mixed with fuel, and burns it to form a mixture of hot air and fuel, which is expanded by blades in a turbine of the gas turbine. As a result, the blades rotate rapidly or rotate about a shaft or rotor of the gas turbine. The rapid rotation or rotation of the rotor drives the charge compressor connected to the gas turbine, which uses the rotational energy to compress a fluid (e.g., gas, air, etc.).
In many gas turbine architectures used in mechanical drive architectures, slide bearings are used in conjunction with a high viscosity lubricant (i.e., oil) to support the rotating components of the turbine section, the compressor section, and the associated charge compressor. Oil storage is relatively inexpensive, but there are costs associated with its associated oil supply devices (e.g., pumps, tanks, storage, etc.). In addition, oil storage systems have very high maintenance intervals and can cause excessive viscous losses in the drive trains, which in turn can negatively affect the work of a turbine-driven charge compressor unit.
SUMMARY
In one aspect of the present invention, a mechanical drive architecture is disclosed. In this aspect of the present invention, the mechanical drive architecture includes a gas turbine having a compressor section, a turbine section, and a combustor section operatively connected to the compressor section and the turbine section. A charge compressor is driven by the gas turbine. A rotor shaft extends through the compressor section and the turbine section of the gas turbine and the charge compressor. Each of the compressor section, the turbine section, and the charge compressor has a plurality of rotating components, at least one of the rotating components in one of the gas turbine and the load compressor having a low density material. Several bearings support the rotor shaft within the gas turbine and the supercharger, with at least one of the bearings being a low-loss bearing having a low-loss lubricant.
The aforementioned mechanical drive architecture may further comprise at least one low-loss bearing having a fluid of very low viscosity.
In addition or alternatively, the mechanical drive architecture may further comprise at least one conventional oil storage.
In any of the mechanical drive architectures mentioned above, the rotor shaft may comprise a single shaft arrangement.
In one embodiment, the mechanical drive architecture may further include a reheat section operatively connected to the turbine section along the rotor shaft, the reheat section comprising a reheat combustor section and a reheat turbine section having a plurality of rotating components, wherein at least one of the rotating components in the compressor section, the turbine section, the charge compressor and the reheat turbine section may contain the low density material.
In any of the above-mentioned mechanical drive architectures, the gas turbine may include a rear-drive gas turbine.
The mechanical drive architecture of any type mentioned above may further include a load coupling element for connecting the charge compressor to the gas turbine along the rotor shaft.
In a preferred embodiment of the mechanical drive architecture, the rotor shaft may comprise a multi-shaft assembly having a first rotor shaft extending through the compressor section and the turbine section and a second rotor shaft extending through the charge compressor, each of which first rotor shaft and the second rotor shaft is supported by a plurality of bearings.
In this preferred embodiment, the mechanical drive architecture may further comprise a gear assembly configured to rotate the rotating components in the gas turbine at a different rotational speed than that of the rotating components in the charge compressor.
Additionally or alternatively, the mechanical drive architecture may further include a power turbine section connected to the second rotor shaft for driving the charge compressor, wherein the power turbine section may include a plurality of rotating components, wherein at least one of the rotating components in the compressor section, the turbine section Charge compressor and the power turbine section has the low density material.
The mechanical drive architecture of the latter type may further include a reheat section operatively connected to the turbine section along the first rotor shaft, the reheat section including a reheat combustor section and a reheat turbine section having a plurality of rotating components; wherein at least one of the rotating components in the compressor section, the turbine section, the charge compressor, the power turbine section, and the reheat turbine section comprises the low density material.
In another embodiment of the mechanical drive architecture, the compressor section may include front stages distal to the combustor section, rear stages proximal to the combustor section, and intermediate stages therebetween, each of the front steps, the middle steps, and the rear step Stages may have a plurality of rotating components, wherein at least one of the rotating components in the front stages, the middle stages and the rear stages of the compressor section, the turbine section and the charge compressor may comprise the low density material and wherein the mechanical drive architecture may further comprise a stub shaft, is disposed radially outward from the rotor shaft and extends through the front stages such that the rotating components of the front stages, which are arranged around the stub shaft, at a lower speed than the rotating Kompo nents of the middle and rear stages, which are arranged around the rotor shaft, can work.
In the last-mentioned mechanical drive architecture, the plurality of bearing shaft stub bearings for supporting the stub shaft, wherein at least one of the stub shaft bearing has a low-loss bearing with lubrication.
In another embodiment of the mechanical drive architecture, the compressor section may include a low pressure compressor section and a high pressure compressor section, and the turbine section may include a low pressure turbine section and a high pressure turbine section, wherein the high pressure turbine section drives the high pressure compressor section and the low pressure turbine section drives the low pressure compressor section.
In the last-mentioned mechanical drive architecture, each of the low-pressure compressor section, the high-pressure compressor section, the low-pressure turbine section, and the high-pressure turbine section may have a plurality of rotating components, wherein at least one of the rotating components of the low-pressure compressor section, the high-pressure compressor section, the low-pressure turbine section, the high-pressure turbine section, and the charge compressor is the material may have low density.
Additionally or alternatively, the rotor shaft may comprise a double drum assembly having a low speed drum and a high speed drum, the low speed drum having the low pressure turbine section and the low pressure compressor section and the high speed drum having the high pressure turbine section and the high pressure compressor section.
The low-speed drum and the high-speed drum may be supported by the plurality of bearings, wherein at least one of the bearings has a low-loss bearing with lubrication.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description of the preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> is a schematic diagram of a mechanical drive architecture including a front-drive gas turbine, a supercharger, and a bearing fluid supply unit, and further including at least one low-loss bearing having a low-loss lubricant and at least one rotating component made of a low-density material according to an embodiment of the present invention;<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> is a schematic diagram of a mechanical drive architecture including a front-drive gas turbine having a reheat section, a charge compressor and a bearing fluid supply unit, and further including at least one low-loss bearing having a low-loss lubricant and at least one rotating component consisting of a Low density material is produced, according to an embodiment of the present invention;<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> is a schematic diagram of a mechanical drive architecture including a rear-drive gas turbine, a charge compressor, and a bearing fluid supply unit, and further including at least one low-loss bearing having a low-loss lubricant and at least one rotating component made of a low-density material according to an embodiment of the present invention;<Tb> FIG. 4 <SEP> is a schematic diagram of a multi-shaft mechanical drive architecture including a rear-drive gas turbine, a supercharger, a bearing fluid supply unit, and a transmission, and further including at least one low-loss bearing having a low-loss lubricant and at least one rotating component made of a lower material Density is produced, according to an embodiment of the present invention;<Tb> FIG. 5 <SEP> is a schematic diagram of a gas turbine architecture that includes a stern drive turbine and further includes at least one low loss bearing having a low loss lubricant and at least one rotating component made of a low density material according to one embodiment of the present invention ;<Tb> FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gas turbine architecture including a stern drive turbine and a reheat section and further including at least one low loss bearing having a low loss lubricant and at least one rotating component made of a low density material according to one embodiment the present invention;<Tb> FIG. 7 <SEP> is a schematic diagram of a front-drive gas turbine architecture including a stub shaft and a speed reducing mechanism for reducing the speed of front stages of a compressor in the gas turbine, and further including at least one low loss bearing having a low loss lubricant and at least one rotating one Component made of a low-density material according to an embodiment of the present invention;<Tb> FIG. 8 <SEP> is a schematic diagram of a front-drive gas turbine architecture including a stub shaft and a speed reducing mechanism for reducing the speed of front stages of a compressor in the gas turbine, a reheat section, at least one low loss bearing having a low loss lubricant, and at least one includes a rotating blade made of a low density material according to an embodiment of the present invention;<Tb> FIG. 9 <SEP> is a schematic diagram of a multiple shaft front propulsion gas turbine architecture including a low pressure compressor section connected to a low pressure turbine section via a low speed drum and a high pressure compressor section connected to a high pressure turbine section via a high speed drum and at least one low loss bearing comprising a low-loss lubricant and containing at least one rotating blade made of a low-density material for use in the drive train according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As mentioned above, in many mechanical drive architectures, slide bearings are used in conjunction with a high viscosity lubricant (i.e., oil) for supporting the rotating components of the gas turbine, generator, and charge compressor associated therewith. Oil storage systems have high maintenance interval costs and cause excessive viscous losses in the powertrain, which can adversely affect the operation of a gas turbine driven charge compressor. There are also costs associated with the oil supply units associated with the oil stores.
Low-loss bearings - which have bearings with a low-loss lubricant - are an alternative to the use of oil storage. However, certain gas turbine driven mechanical drive architectures are difficult applications for the use of low loss bearings. Specifically, with increasing gas turbine size, the bearing area increases as the square of the rotor shaft diameter, while the weight of the mechanical drive architecture increases with the cube of the rotor shaft diameter. Therefore, to make low-loss bearings, the increase in the bearing area and the increase in weight must be proportional. Thus, it is desirable to incorporate light weight or low density materials for the mechanical drive architecture, which helps to promote the desired proportionality.
In addition to providing a mechanical drive architecture that has a weight that is portable by low-loss bearings, the use of lighter weight materials can also support the ability to generate stronger airflows. Heretofore, generating a high rate of air flow in such a power train has been difficult because the centrifugal loads applied to the rotating blades during operation of a gas turbine increase with the longer blade lengths required to produce the desired air flow rate. For example, the rotating blades in the front stages of a multi-stage axial compressor used in a gas turbine are larger than the rotating blades in both the middle and the rear stages of the compressor. Such a configuration makes the longer, heavier rotating blades in the front stages of an axial compressor more susceptible to being stressed during operation due to strong centrifugal forces caused by the rotation of the longer and heavier blades.
In particular, the blades experience strong centrifugal forces in the front stages due to the high speed of the rotor disks, which in turn claims the blades. The strong fastening stresses that can occur on the rotating blades in the front stages of an axial compressor become problematic when it is desired to increase the size of the blades to produce a compressor for the gas turbine, which can produce a higher air flow rate, as is required for certain applications. Similar considerations also apply to the charge compressor.
It would therefore be desirable to provide a mechanical drive architecture incorporating one or more low-loss bearings with lubrication used in conjunction with low density materials such as those used in gas turbines or charge compressors. In some embodiments, such low-loss bearings are used in conjunction with components made of low-density materials. Such architectures provide lower viscous losses, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the mechanical drive architecture.
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing gas turbine driven mechanical drive architectures with low loss lubrication bearings and low density materials.
As used herein, the phrase "mechanical drive architecture" describes an arrangement of moving parts comprising the rotating components of one or more of a compressor section, a turbine section, a reheat turbine section, a power turbine section, and a charge compressor section that are in common with each other communicate to compress a fluid. The terms "mechanical drive architecture", "mechanical drive train" and "gas turbine driven mechanical drive" can be used interchangeably. The phrase "gas turbine architecture" describes a system that includes a compressor section, a combustor section, and a turbine section and that may optionally include a reheat combustor section, a reheat turbine section, and / or a power turbine section. The gas turbine architecture is a subset of the mechanical drive architectures described herein.
As used herein, a "low-loss bearing" is a bearing assembly having at least one primary bearing unit having a working fluid having a low or very low viscosity. The "primary bearing unit" may be a journal bearing, a thrust bearing, or a journal bearing adjacent a thrust bearing. A "low-loss bearing with lubrication" or a "very low-loss bearing that has low-loss lubrication" is a bearing assembly in which the working fluid is a low-loss lubricant and does not require an additional secondary bearing.
The phrase "low-loss lubrication" or "low-loss lubricant" as used in the present very low-loss bearings refers to fluids having a viscosity much higher than that of water (ie 1 centipoise at 20 ° C and preferably has a viscosity between about VG8 and about VG20, where VG represents the degree of viscosity in centistokes (cSt) at 40 ° C on the ISO scale developed by the International Organization for Standardization. The ISO standards (listed in ISO 3448, published 1991) indicate each degree of viscosity by the nearest integer to its kinematic average viscosity in mm 2 / sec at 40 ° C. (1 mm 2 / sec = 1 cSt) determined and a range of +/- 10 percent of the value is allowed. Specific examples of low-loss lubricants having a viscosity in the above range include mineral oil-based lubricants in API base oil group III, synthetic-based polyalphaolefins (PAO) in API base oil group IV; and certain polyalkylene glycols (PAG). In contrast, "high viscosity" oils (also referred to herein as conventional oils) used in industrial gas turbines may have a viscosity of VG32 or even VG45 for high temperature environments.
As used herein, a "low-loss monotype bearing" is a bearing assembly that has a single primary bearing unit that has a very low viscosity working fluid and that is accompanied by a secondary bearing that is a roller bearing member. As used herein, a "low-loss, hybrid-type bearing" is a bearing assembly that has two primary bearing units and that has a very low viscosity working fluid and that is accompanied by a secondary bearing. Examples of "roller bearing elements" used as secondary or reserve bearings in low-loss monotype or hybrid type bearings include spherical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, and ceramic roller bearings.
The US patent application with the serial no. No. 14 / 460,606 and entitled "MECHANICAL ARCHITECTURES WITH MONO-TYPE LOW-LOSS BEARING AND LOW-DENSITY MATERIALS (monotype low-loss mechanical and low-density materials mechanical architectures)" filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference provides further details regarding the use of monotypic bearings in power generation architectures. The US patent application with the serial no. No. 14 / 460,620 and entitled "MECHANICAL DRIVE ARCHITECTURES WITH HYBRID-TYPE LOW-LOSS BEARING AND LOW-DENSITY MATERIALS (hybrid low-loss mechanical low-density mechanical drive architectures and low-density materials)" filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference for further details regarding the use of hybrid type bearings in power generation architectures.
In low loss bearings of both the monotype and the hybrid type, the working fluid (s) may be fluids of very low viscosity. Examples of "very low viscosity" fluids used in the present low-loss monotype or hybrid type bearings have, but are not limited to, a viscosity lower than that of water (ie, 1 centipoise at 20 ° C) being restricted include: air (eg in high pressure air bearings), gas (eg in high pressure gas bearings), magnetic flux (eg in high flux magnetic bearings) and steam (eg in high pressure vapor bearings). In a gas bearing, the gaseous fluid may be an inert gas, hydrogen, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or hydrocarbons (including methane, ethane, propane and the like).
In low-loss hybrid type bearings, the first primary bearing includes a magnetic bearing having the magnetic flux as the working fluid. The second primary bearing unit comprises a foil bearing which is supplied with a high pressure fluid having a very low viscosity, examples of which are provided above.
For the sake of clarity in illustrating the various powertrain architectures, the bearings (of whatever type) are shown with a rectangular symbol and the number 140. Generally speaking, the working fluid provided by the bearing fluid supply unit of each primary storage unit is illustrated by an arrow. To illustrate low loss, hybrid type bearings, the working fluids provided by the bearing fluid supply unit to the two primary bearing units are represented in the figures by two lines of variously shaped arrows. In particular, a closed-head arrow represents a conduit that delivers the magnetic fluid while an open-head arrow represents a conduit that provides one of the aforementioned low-loss or very low-viscosity fluids.
Although the figures illustrate the low-loss hybrid type bearings used in most or all portions of the powertrain architecture, it is not necessary for all bearings to be hybrid type bearings. For example, a combination of low-loss bearings with lubrication can be used in conjunction with conventional oil storage, the low-loss bearings with lubrication in some places and the conventional oil storage are used in other places. Alternatively or additionally, one or more of the bearings may have very low viscosity fluids in low loss bearings of either monotype or hybrid type as long as at least one bearing is a low loss bearing with lubrication. In situations where a conventional oil store is used at a particular location, it would receive a single fluid (oil) supplied by the bearing fluid supply unit. In situations where a monotype bearing (containing a very low viscosity fluid) is employed, such a bearing would equally receive a single fluid from the bearing fluid supply unit. Thus, the use of two arrows in each bearing in the accompanying figures is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure to any particular arrangement (e.g., one using only hybrid type bearings).
As used herein, a "low density material" is a material that has a density that is less than about 0.200 pound m / in <3>. Examples of a low density material suitable for use with rotating components (eg, vanes 130, 135) illustrated in the figures and described herein include, but are not limited to: composite materials, including ceramic matrix composites (CMC), organic Matrix composites (OMC), polymer-glass composites (PMC), metal matrix composites (MMC) and carbon-carbon composites (CCC); Beryllium; Titanium (such as Ti-64, Ti-6222 and Ti-6246); intermetallic compounds including titanium and aluminum (such as TiAl, TiAl2, TiAl3 and Ti3Al); intermetallic compounds including iron and aluminum (such as FeAl); intermetallic compounds including platinum and aluminum (such as PtAl); intermetallic compounds including cobalt and aluminum (such as CbAl); intermetallic compounds including lithium and aluminum (such as LiAl); intermetallic compounds including nickel and aluminum (such as NiAl); and nickel foam.
The use of the phrase "low density material" in the present application, including the claims, should not be construed to limit the various embodiments of the present invention to the use of a single low density material, but may instead be so construed be that it refers to components that have the same or different materials of low density. For example, a first low density material could be used in one portion of an architecture while a second (other) low density material could be used in another portion. In another example, a first low density material could be used in one stage of one section (e.g., the turbine section) while a second (other) low density material could be deployed in a second stage of the same section (e.g., turbine section).
In the figures, the use of low density materials is illustrated by a dashed line in the corresponding portion of the drive train in which such low density materials may be employed. While the figures may illustrate the low density materials used in most or all of the sections of mechanical drive architectures or gas turbine architectures, it should be understood that the low density materials may be limited to those sections that are characterized by low loss Bearings are stored.
In contrast to the low density materials described above, a "high density material" is a material that has a density that is greater than about 0.200 pound m / in <3>. Examples of high density material (as used herein) include, but are not limited to, nickel base superalloys (such as single crystal, equiaxed, or directionally solidified alloys, examples of which include INCONEL® 625, INCONEL® 706, and INCONEL Contain <®> 718); Steel based superalloys (such as Knet-CrMoV and its derivatives, GTD-450, GTD-403 Cb and GTD-403 Cb +); and all stainless steel derivatives (such as 17-4PH <®> stainless steel, AISI 410 stainless steel and the like).
The technical effects of having powertrain low loss lubrication and low density material storage structures as described herein are that these architectures provide: (a) the ability to use low-loss bearings in a powertrain that would otherwise be used too difficult to operate; (b) provide the ability to operate the bearings at acceptable temperatures while carrying heavy loads without prematurely affecting the low-loss lubricating bearing fluid; (c) provide high initial load while reducing viscous losses typically introduced into the drivetrain through the use of high viscosity oil bearings; and (d) allowing a reduction in the flow and volume of lubricant consumed by each bearing, thereby permitting a corresponding reduction in the size of the associated lubricant reservoirs, pumps and the like.
Discharging larger amounts of airflow by using rotating blades in the gas turbine having low density materials can be translated into a higher output of the gas turbine engine. This allows gas turbine manufacturers to increase the size of the rotating blades to produce higher air flow rates while at the same time ensuring that such longer blades remain within the prescribed inlet ring (AN <2>) limits to avoid excessive blade attachment stresses, even when the blades are made of low density materials. Note that AN <2> is the product of annulus area A (inch <2>) and rotational speed N squared (rpm <2>) of a rotating blade and is used as a parameter that is generally the rated output power from a gas turbine engine quantified.
Figures 1-4 illustrate various mechanical drive architectures having gas turbines that may have multiple storage locations. FIGS. 5-9 illustrate various gas turbine architectures that may have multiple storage locations. Low-loss bearings 140 (particularly low-loss bearings with lubrication) can be used in any position throughout the powertrain, as desired, regardless of the load output of the mechanical drive architecture. It may be advisable to use low density materials in conjunction with low loss lubrication bearings because the larger component size and associated weight increases at higher load levels may require the use of low density materials. In some embodiments, the possibility is considered that low-loss bearings with lubrication may be employed in the rotating components without low-density materials, although better performance and / or performance may be achieved by using low-density materials, at least in some of the rotating components.
In those instances where low-loss bearings are used to support a particular portion of the mechanical drive architecture, low density materials may be employed in the particular rotating components of that portion of the powertrain. For example, where low-loss bearings support a turbine section, a low-density material may be employed in one or more of the stages of rotating blades within the turbine section (as indicated by dashed lines). Similarly, when the low-loss bearings support a charge compressor, low-density materials may be employed in the rotating components of the charge compressor (also indicated by dashed lines).
The term "rotating component" is intended to include one or more of the moving parts of a compressor section, a turbine section, a reheat turbine section, a power turbine section, and a charge compressor, such as blades (also referred to as aerodynamic profiles), cover plates, spacers, seals , Shrouds, heat shields, and any combinations of these or other moving parts. For the sake of simplicity, the rotating blades of the compressor, the turbine and the charge compressor are most commonly referred to as being made of a low density material. However, it should be understood that other components of low density material may be used in addition to or in lieu of the rotating blades.
Although the descriptions that follow with respect to the illustrated powertrain architectures are intended for use in a commercial or industrial mechanical drive architecture, the various embodiments of the present invention should not be limited solely to such applications. Instead, the ideas of using low-loss bearings (and particularly low-loss bearings with lubrication) and rotating components of low-density material are applicable to all types of combustion turbines or rotary engines which employ a compressible fluid for driving a load device that is either compressible or nearly compressible having uncompressible fluid. Examples of load devices employing compressible fluids include, but are not limited to, a self-contained compressor (such as a multi-stage axial compressor assembly), aircraft engines, marine propulsion, and the like. Examples of load devices employing near-incompressible fluids (e.g., water, LNG) include, but are not limited to, pumps, water vortex brakes, screw compressors, gear pumps, and the like.
The various embodiments described herein are not intended to be limited to any specific type of charge compressor. Instead, the various embodiments of the invention are suitable for use with any type of charge compressor that can be powered by a gas turbine engine. Examples of gas turbine driven charge compressors suitable for use in the various embodiments described herein include, but are not limited to: axial compressors, centrifugal compressors, positive displacement compressors, reciprocating compressors, natural gas compressors, horizontally split compressors, vertically split compressors, integral gear compressors, Dual-flow compressors, etc. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various embodiments described herein are also suitable for use with stand-alone compressors that are not powered by a gas turbine.
Referring now to the drawings, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a single cycle mechanical driven single shaft drive architecture 100 having a gas turbine 10 and a charge compressor 160. At least one low loss bearing and at least one rotating blade made of a low density material are used in the drive train according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, at least one low-loss bearing has a low-loss lubricant.
Briefly described, as shown in FIG. 1, the gas turbine engine 10 includes a compressor section 105, a combustor section 110, and a turbine section 115. The gas turbine engine 10 is in a front arrangement with the charge compressor 160 such that the charge compressor 160 is proximal to the compressor the compressor section 105 is located. Other architectures for the gas turbine 10 may be used, such as those illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9.
A common rotary shaft, referred to as the rotor shaft 125, connects the compressor section 105, the turbine section 115 and the charge compressor 160 along a single line such that the turbine section 115 drives the gas turbine compressor section 105 and the charge compressor 160. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotor shaft 125 extends through the turbine section 115, the compressor section 105, and the charge compressor 160. In this single shaft arrangement, the rotor shaft 125 may include a gas turbine compressor rotor shaft section, a turbine rotor shaft section, and a charge compressor rotor shaft section, according to conventional technology are connected.
Connection components may connect the turbine rotor shaft portion, the gas turbine compressor rotor shaft portion, and the charge compressor rotor shaft portion of the rotor shaft 125 to function in cooperation with the bearings 140. The number of interconnect components and their positions along the rotor shaft 125 may vary depending on the design and application of the mechanical drive architecture.
A representative load coupling member 104 is illustrated in FIG. 1 (between the gas turbine engine 10 and the generator 120) as an example. Alternatively, a clutch (not shown) or a transmission (170, as shown in FIG. 4) may be used as the load coupling member. In this way, the respective rotor parts, which are connected to the connecting parts, rotatable by respective bearings 140 respectively thereto.
The compressor section 105 may include a plurality of stages of blades 130 disposed in an axial direction along the rotor shaft 125. For example, the compressor section 105 may include front stages of vanes 130, intermediate stages of vanes 130, and rearward stages of vanes 130. As used herein, the forward stages of vanes 130 are located at the forward or forward end of the compressor section 105 along the rotor shaft 125 at the portion where the air flow (or gas flow) enters the compressor section through inlet guide vane (ie, distal to the compressor section 110). , The middle and rear stages of blades are the blades located downstream of the forward stages along the rotor shaft 125 where the air flow (or gas flow) is further compressed to an elevated pressure (ie, proximal to the combustor portion 110). Accordingly, the length of the blades 130 in the compressor section 105 is reduced from front to middle to rear stages.
Each of the stages in compressor section 105 may include rotating vanes 130 circumferentially disposed about the circumference of rotor shaft 125 for defining rows of blades extending radially outwardly from the rotatable shaft. The blade rows are disposed axially along the rotor shaft 125 at positions located in the front steps, the middle steps, and the rear steps. In addition, each of the stages may include annular rows of stationary vanes (not illustrated) extending radially inwardly toward the rotor shaft 125 in the forward stages, the intermediate stages, and the rear stages. In one embodiment, the annular rows of stationary vanes may be on the compressor housing (not illustrated) surrounding the rotor shaft 125.
In each of the stages, the annular rows of stationary vanes may be arranged with the blade rows in an alternating pattern along an axial direction of the rotor shaft 125 parallel to its axis of rotation. An array of a series of stationary vanes and a row of blades defines a single "stage" of the compressor 105. In this way, the blades in each stage are curved to do a work and turn the flow while the stationary vanes are arched in each stage are to turn the flow in a direction that is best suited for preparing it for the next stage buckets. In one embodiment, the compressor section 105 may be a multi-stage axial compressor.
The turbine section 115 may also include steps of vanes 135 disposed in an axial direction along the rotor shaft 125. For example, the turbine section 115 may include front stages of blades 135, intermediate stages of blades 135, and rearward stages of blades 135. The forward stages of blades 135 are at the forward or forward end of the turbine section 115 along the rotor shaft 125 at the portion where a hot compressed propellant, also known as working fluid, enters the turbine from the Benn chamber 1120 for expansion. The middle and rear stages of blades are the blades located downstream of the front stages along the rotor shaft 125 where the working fluid is further expanded. Accordingly, the lengths of the blades 135 in the turbine section 115 increase from the front to the middle to the rear stages.
Each of the stages in the turbine section 115 may include rotating vanes 135 disposed circumferentially about the circumference of the rotor shaft 125 to define rows of blades extending radially outward from the rotatable shaft. Like the stages of the compressor section 105, the blade rows of the turbine section 115 are arranged axially along the rotor shaft 125 at positions located in the front steps and the middle steps and the rear steps. In addition, each of the stages may include annular rows of stationary vanes extending radially inwardly onto the rotor shaft 125 in the forward stages, the intermediate stages, and the rear stages. In one embodiment, the annular rows of stationary vanes may be disposed on the turbine housing (not illustrated) surrounding the rotor shaft 125.
In each of the stages, the annular rows of stationary vanes may be arranged with the blade rows in an alternating pattern along an axial direction of the rotor shaft 125 parallel to its axis of rotation. An array of a series of stationary vanes and a series of blades defines a single "stage" of the turbine section 105. In this manner, the blades at each stage are curved to perform work and to rotate the flow while the stationary vanes are curved in each step, to rotate the flow in a direction that is best suited for preparing it for the next stage buckets.
The charge compressor 160 may also include stages of vanes 165 arranged in an axial direction along the rotor shaft 125. For example, the charge compressor 160 may include front stages of vanes 156, intermediate stages of vanes 165, and rearward stages of vanes 165. The front stages of vanes 165 are located at the forward or forward end of the charge compressor 160 along the rotor shaft 125. The middle and rear stages of the vanes are the vanes located downstream of the forward stages along the rotor shaft 125 where the working fluid is further expanded ,
Each of the stages in the charge compressor 160 may include rotating vanes 165 disposed circumferentially about the circumference of the rotor shaft 125 to define rows of blades extending radially outwardly from the rotatable shaft. Like the stages for the compressor section 105 and the turbine section 115, the blade rows of the charge compressor 160 are disposed axially along the rotor shaft 125 at positions located in the front steps, the middle steps, and the rear steps. In addition, each of the stages may include annular rows of stationary vanes extending radially inwardly onto the rotor shaft 125 in the forward stages, the intermediate stages, and the rear stages. In one embodiment, the annular rows of stationary vanes may be on the turbine housing (not illustrated) surrounding the rotor shaft 125.
In each of the stages, the annular rows of stationary vanes may be arranged with the blade rows in an alternating pattern along an axial direction of the rotor shaft 125 parallel to its axis of rotation. In this way, the blades in each stage are curved to do work and turn the flow while the stationary vanes in each stage are curved to rotate the flow in a direction that prepares them for the next stage buckets is most suitable.
As described herein, at least one of the rotating components (e.g., blades 130, 135, and 165) may be formed in one of the compressor section 105, the turbine section 115, and the charge compressor 160 of a low density material. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the number and positioning of the rotating vanes 130, 135, and 165 having a low density material can vary through the design and application of operating the mechanical drive architecture. For example, some or all of the rotating blades 130, 135, and 165 of a particular section (e.g., the compressor section 105, the turbine section 115, or the charge compressor 160) may include a low density material. In instances where the rotating blades 130, 135 and 165 are formed in one or more rows or steps of low density material, the rotating blades 130, 135 and 165 may be formed in other rows or steps of high density material. By way of example only, in one embodiment, the blades in the front stages of the compressor section, the rear stages of the turbine section, and / or the front stages of the charge compressor may be made of a low density material because these blades have longer lengths.
Referring to FIG. 1, the bearings 140 support the rotor shaft 125 along the drive train. For example, a pair of bearings 140 may support each of the turbine rotor shaft portion, the compressor rotor shaft portion of the gas turbine, and the charge compressor rotor shaft portion of the rotor shaft 125. In one embodiment, each pair of bearings 140 may support the turbine rotor shaft portion, the compressor rotor shaft portion of the gas turbine, and the charge compressor rotor shaft portion at their respective opposite ends of the rotor shaft 125. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the pair of bearings 140 may support the turbine rotor shaft portion, the compressor rotor shaft portion of the gas turbine, and the charge compressor rotor shaft portion at other suitable locations.
In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that each of the turbine rotor shaft portion, the compressor rotor shaft portion of the gas turbine, and the charge compressor rotor shaft portion of the rotor shaft 125 is not limited to supporting a pair of bearings 140. The bearing 140 shown between the compressor section 105 and the turbine section 115 (that is, below the compressor 110) may be optional; that is, in some configurations, the gas turbine may be readily supported by bearings that support the compressor section 105 and the turbine section 115 without an intermediate bearing.
In the various embodiments described herein, at least one of the bearings 140 may be described as a low-loss bearing having a low-loss lubricant (i.e., a "low-loss bearing with lubrication"). In one embodiment, all bearings 140 are low-loss bearings with lubrication. In such a configuration, a bearing fluid supply unit 150 having a single fluid (i.e., a low-loss lubricant) is used. Bearings having a low loss lubricant consume substantially less fluid volume than conventional high viscosity oil wells, allowing the reservoirs, pumps, and other accessories in the smaller fluid volume bearing fluid supply unit 150 to be reduced. Such an arrangement simplifies the bearing fluid supply unit and reduces the start-up and maintenance costs compared to conventional oil storage.
Additionally, low loss, monotype or hybrid type bearings (as described herein) include a rolling bearing element as a backup for the primary bearing unit (s). These reserve bearings increase the length of the rotor shaft 125 connecting the portions of the drive train, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost of the rotor shaft 125. Thus, the associated costs of low-loss monotype and hybrid type bearings (when used in conjunction with low-loss lubrication bearings) are balanced against the power output and efficiency advantages afforded by the reduced viscous losses afforded by such low-loss bearings.
Accordingly, in one embodiment, another of the bearings 140 may be a low-loss monotype bearing having a very low viscosity fluid. In other embodiments, another of the bearings 140 may be a hybrid type bearing having a first primary magnetic-flux-bearing unit and a second primary-bearing unit supplied with a very low viscosity fluid. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to employ high viscosity oil stocks with the low-loss bearings with lubrication and optional monotype and / or hybrid type bearings with very low viscosity fluids. Thus, in some arrangements a combination of bearing types may be employed wherein one or more bearings have very low viscosity fluids while at least one bearing has a low loss lubricant. In such combinations, the bearings 140 having very low viscosity fluids may be monotype or hybrid type bearings.
The bearings 140 include fluids supplied from a bearing fluid supply unit 150, which is illustrated in FIG. The bearing fluid supply unit 150 is equipped with «LLL» (for low-loss lubricant), «A» (for air), «G» (for gas), «F» (for magnetic flux), «S» (for steam) and «0» ( for high viscosity or conventional oil), although it should be understood that a fluid or combination of these fluids may be used to supply the multiple bearings 140 in the powertrain. In the architectures contemplated herein, the bearings 140 are of the low loss type - that is, bearings having either a low-loss lubricant or a very low viscosity fluid such as air, gas, magnetic flux, or steam, as described above. In the present invention, an architecture having at least one bearing with low-loss lubrication is used.
The bearing fluid supply unit 150 may include accessories that are standard for bearing fluid supply units, such as reservoirs, pumps, reservoirs, valves, cables, control boxes, piping, and the like. The piping required to provide the fluid (s) from the bearing fluid supply unit 150 to the one or more bearings 140 is shown in the figures by arrows from the bearing fluid supply unit 150 to each of the bearings 140. In some cases, the bearing fluid supply unit 150 may be able to provide two or more different types of fluids (such as oil and one or more of the low-loss or very low-viscosity fluids described above). Alternatively, if two or more different types of bearings are used, bearing fluid supply units 150 may be used for each type of fluid.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the choice of low-loss bearings used for bearings 140 may vary through the design and application in which the mechanical drive architecture functions , For example, some or all of the bearings 140 may include low loss bearings with lubrication alone or in combination with conventional oil bearings. Alternatively or additionally, low-loss monotype or hybrid-type bearings having one or more very low viscosity fluids may be used in conjunction with the low-loss lubrication bearings. In those sections where the rotor shaft is supported by low-loss bearings having a low-loss lubricant or a very low-viscosity fluid, it may be preferable to use low-density materials in the corresponding portion for producing a portion whose weight is easier to support and to turn is to integrate.
In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that for the sake of clarity, the mechanical drive architecture shown in FIG. 1 and those shown in FIGS. 2-9 are only those components which provide an understanding of the various embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that additional components other than those shown in these figures are present. For example, a mechanical drive architecture and / or gas turbine architecture as described herein could include secondary components such as gas fuel circuits, a gas fuel supply unit, liquid fuel circuits, a liquid fuel supply unit, flow control valves, a cooling system, and so forth.
In a mechanical drive architecture, such as those illustrated herein having multiple bearings, viscous investment balance (BoP) losses are reduced at each location where a low loss bearing for a conventional viscous fluid bearing is replaced. Thus, replacing multiple, if not all, viscous fluid bearings with low-loss bearings, as described, significantly reduces viscous losses, thereby increasing powertrain power outputs at a baseline operating load and operating load.
The efficiency and power output of the powertrain architecture can be further enhanced by employing rotating components of greater radial length. The challenge in producing rotating components of longer lengths has heretofore been that their weight makes them incompatible with low-loss bearings. However, the use of low density materials for one or more of the rotating components allows the production of components of the desired (longer) lengths without a corresponding increase in the suction of the aerodynamic profile and impeller diameter. Therefore, a larger volume of air can be used to generate driving fluid to drive the gas turbine, and low-loss bearings can be used to support the powertrain portion in which the low-density rotating components are located.
Below are brief descriptions of the gas turbine driven mechanical drive architectures illustrated in FIGS. 2-9. Specific gas turbine architectures that may be used in the mechanical drive architectures in FIGS. 1-4 are illustrated in FIGS. 5-9. All of these figures illustrate various types of powertrains that can be realized for a specific industrial mechanical drive application.
While each architecture may function in ways other than the configuration of FIG. 1, they are similar in that the embodiments of FIGS. 2-9 include at least one low-density rotating component (eg, rotor blades 130, 135, and / or 165 the compressor section 105, the turbine section 110 or the charge compressor 160). As noted above, some or all of the rotating components 130, 135, 165 may be made of a low density material. With particular reference to blades in the compressor, turbine or charge compressor sections, stepwise rotating components of high density material may be interposed between rotating components of a low density material.
Similarly, in these embodiments, at least one low-loss bearing with lubrication may be used for the bearings 140. One, some or all of the bearings 140 may be a low-loss bearing as long as at least one bearing 140 is a low-loss bearing with lubrication. In this way, bearings of one type of low-loss bearing with lubrication may be interspersed with other types of bearings, such as oil bearings or low-loss bearings, which have a fluid of very low viscosity. The low loss bearings 140 (if they are not low-loss bearings with lubrication) may be of the monotype or hybrid type as described herein.
Further, the use of low density rotating components and low-lubrication bearings with lubrication in a powertrain of a mechanical drive architecture is not intended to be limited to the examples illustrated in Figs. 1-9. Instead, these examples illustrate only some of the possible architectures in which the use of low density rotating components and low-loss bearings with lubrication in a powertrain of a mechanical drive architecture can be realized. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are many permutations of possible configurations of the examples illustrated herein. The scope and content of the various embodiments are intended to encompass these possible permutations as well as other possible powertrain configurations that may be implemented in an industrial mechanical drive application incorporating a gas turbine engine.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical drive architecture 200 having a front-drive gas turbine 12 with a reheat section 205. As shown in FIG. 2, the reheat section 205 includes a second combustor section 210 and a second turbine section 215, also referred to as a reheat combustor, downstream of the first combustor section 110 and the first turbine section 115. The mechanical drive architecture 200 includes at least one low loss bearing with lubrication 140. Other bearings in the architecture 200 may be monotype low loss bearings, hybrid type low loss bearings, conventional oil bearings, or combinations thereof, each of the bearings being in fluid communication with the bearing fluid supply unit 150 (as described above).
In this embodiment, both the turbine section 115 and the reheat turbine section 215 may include rotating components (such as blades 135 and 220, respectively) having at least one rotating component having a low density material. In one embodiment, all or some of the rotating blades 135 and / or 220 in one, some or all of the turbine stages may comprise the low density material. In another embodiment, the rotating components (e.g., blades 130) in the compressor section may comprise a low density material. In yet another embodiment, at least one of components 130, 135 rotating from compressor section 105 and turbine section 115 may be of low density material, while rotating components 220 of reheat turbine section 215 may be of a different type of material (eg, high density material) can.
Alternatively, the compressor section 105 and the turbine section 115 may comprise rotating components 130, 135 of high density material, while the rotating components 220 of the reheat turbine section 215 may be made of a low density material. If desired, each of the compressor section 105, the turbine section 115, and the reheat turbine 215 may include one or more stages of rotating components 130, 135, 220 of a low density material. Other rotating components - including rotating components in the charge compressor 160 - may be made of a low density material, in addition to or instead of the rotating blades 130, 135, 220 described above.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical drive architecture 300 including a rear end drive gas turbine 14, a charge compressor 160, and a bearing fluid supply unit 150. In the architecture 300, the gas turbine 14 is arranged such that the charge compressor 160 is connected to the turbine section 115 of the gas turbine via the load coupling 104, forming a "rear end propulsion" gas turbine 14.
As with the architecture 100 shown in FIG. 1, the mechanical drive architecture 300 includes at least one low loss bearing with lubrication 140 in fluid communication with the bearing fluid supply unit 150. Other bearings may be low-loss monotype bearings, low-loss hybrid-type bearings, conventional oil bearings or a combination of these bearing types with one or more low-loss bearings with lubrication. At least one rotating component (such as compressor blades 130, turbine blades 135 or charge compressor blades 165) is made of a low density material according to one embodiment of the present invention. Since the individual components of the architecture 300 are the same as those in the architecture 100, reference is made to the previous discussion of Figure 1 and the discussion of each element is not repeated here.
4 is a schematic illustration of a multi-shaft mechanical drive architecture 400 having a rear end drive gas turbine 14, a torque changing mechanism 170 (e.g., a transmission), and a charge compressor 160. The gas turbine 14 is connected to the torque varying mechanism 170 along a first shaft 125 via a load coupling 104. The charge compressor 160 is positioned along a second shaft 126 which is operatively connected to the torque varying mechanism 170. The torque varying mechanism 170 allows the first shaft 125 to operate at a different speed than the second shaft 126.
The bearings 140 supporting the gas turbine sections and the torque varying mechanism 170 along the first shaft 125 may include one or more low loss bearings as described herein, the bearings 140 being in fluid communication with the bearing fluid supply unit 150. Similarly, the bearings 140 supporting the charge compressor 160 and the torque varying mechanism 170 along the second shaft 126 may include one or more low loss bearings in fluid communication with the bearing fluid supply unit 150. Although a single bearing fluid supply unit is illustrated, it should be appreciated that bearing fluid supply units 150 may be associated with each shaft 125, 126 and / or respective fluid may be provided. The bearings 140 may be low-loss bearings with lubrication, low-loss mono-type bearings, low-loss hybrid-type bearings, conventional oil bearings, or a combination thereof as long as at least one of the bearings 140 has a low-loss lubricant.
FIG. 4 shows that the rotating vanes 130 of the compressor section 105, the rotating vanes 135 of the turbine section 115, and the rotating vanes 165 of the charge compressor 160 may have one or more stages of low density vanes. This is one possible implementation and is not intended to limit the scope of the architecture 400. As noted above, any combination of low density blades may be with blades made of other materials (e.g., high density blades) as long as at least one rotating blade used in the driveline has a low density material. Alternatively or additionally, rotating components other than vanes 130, 135, 165 may be made of a low density material; thus, the disclosure is not limited to an arrangement in which only the blades are made of a low-density material. Preferably, the low density rotating components 105, 135 and / or 165 are deployed in a portion of the gas turbine 400 supported by bearings 140 which are low-loss bearings and, in particular, low-loss bearings with lubrication.
5 is a schematic diagram of a multi-shaft gas turbine architecture 500, including a rear end drive gas turbine 16 having a compressor section 105, a combustor section 110, and a turbine section 115 on a first shaft 310. The gas turbine 16 further includes a power turbine section 305 on a second shaft 315 located downstream of the turbine section 115. The gas turbine 16 of FIG. 5 may be substituted for the rear end drive gas turbine 14 in the powertrain architecture 300 of FIG. 3 or the powertrain architecture 400 of FIG. 4.
In this embodiment, a Heckendantriebsanordnung is provided, wherein the single shaft has been replaced (as shown in the gas turbine 14 of Fig. 3) by a multi-shaft arrangement. In particular, a first single rotor shaft 310 extends through the compressor section 105 and the turbine section 115, while a second single rotor shaft 315 separated from the shaft 310 extends from the power turbine section 305 to the charge compressor 160 (not shown, but by the description). to the charge compressor »displayed).
In operation, the first rotor shaft 310 may serve as an input shaft while the second rotor shaft 315 may serve as an output shaft. In one embodiment, the rotor shaft 315 rotates at a constant output speed (eg, 3600 rpm) to ensure that the charge compressor (160) operates at a constant frequency (eg, 60 Hz) while the input speed of the rotor shaft 310 is different than that of the rotor shaft 315 can be (eg higher than 3600 rpm).
Bearings 140 may support the various gas turbine sections on the rotor shaft 310 and on the rotor shaft 315. In one embodiment, at least one of the bearings 140 may include a low loss bearing with lubrication 140 as described herein. Other bearings 140 in gas turbine architecture may be low-loss monotype bearings, low-loss hybrid type bearings, conventional oil bearings, or a combination thereof. Regardless of the type, the bearings 140 are in fluid communication with the bearing fluid supply unit 150, as shown in FIG. 3, for example.
In one embodiment, the power turbine 305 may include at least one rotating component 405 (e.g., a blade) made of low density material. FIG. 5 shows that the rotating vanes 130 of the compressor section 105, the rotating vanes 135 of the turbine section 115, and the rotating vanes 405 of the power turbine section 305 may have one or more stages of low density vanes. This is one possible implementation and is not intended to limit the scope of the architecture 500. As noted above, any combination of low density blades may be present with blades made of other materials (eg, high density blades) as long as there is at least one rotating blade used in the driveline having a low density material , Alternatively or additionally, rotating components other than vanes 130, 135, 405 may be made of a low density material; thus, the disclosure is not limited to an arrangement in which only the blades are made of a low-density material. Preferably, the low density rotating components 105, 135 and / or 405 are employed in a portion of the gas turbine 500 supported by bearings 140 which are low-loss bearings and, in particular, low-loss bearings with lubrication.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the architecture 600 of a multi-shaft, rear-drive gas turbine having a power turbine 305 and a reheat section 205. The gas turbine architecture 600 further includes at least one low loss bearing with lubrication 140 and at least one rotating component made of a low density material for use with the power train of the gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Other bearings 140 may be monotype low loss bearings, hybrid type low loss bearings, conventional oil bearings, and a combination thereof as long as at least one bearing is a low loss bearing with lubrication. As with FIG. 5, the gas turbine 18 of FIG. 6 may replace the rear end drive gas turbine 14 in the powertrain architecture 300 of FIG. 3 or the powertrain architecture 400 of FIG. 4.
The gas turbine architecture 600 is similar to that illustrated in FIG. 5 except that the gas turbine engine 18 includes a reheat section 205 having a reheat combustor section 210 and a reheat turbine section 215. The reheating section 205 is added to the input drive shaft 210. FIG. 6 shows that the rotating vanes 130 of the compressor section 105, the rotating vanes 135 of the turbine section 115, the rotating vanes 220 of the reheat turbine section 215, the rotating vanes 405 of the power turbine section 305, and the rotating vanes 165 of the charge compressor 160 (as in FIG Fig. 2) may have low density materials. This is one of the possible implementations and is not intended to limit the scope of the architecture 600.
As mentioned above, any combination of low density blades may be present with blades having other materials (eg, high density blades) as long as at least one rotating component used in the driveline is present, which reduces one material Has density. For greater efficiency, the portion (s) of the architecture 600 supported by the low-loss bearings 140 (eg, low-loss bearings with lubrication) include rotating components made of low-density material, with at least some of the rotating components are made of a low density material.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the architecture 700 of a front-wheel drive gas turbine having a gas turbine 20 whose architecture has a stub shaft 620 to reduce the speed of front stages of a compressor section 605. The gas turbine 20 further includes at least one low-loss bearing with lubrication 140 that is used with the power train of the gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. The gas turbine 20 may be substituted for the front-wheel drive gas turbine 10 in FIG. 1.
In this embodiment, the compressor section 605 is illustrated with two stages 610 and 615, wherein the stage 610 represents the front stages of the compressor portion 605 and the stage 615 represents the middle and rear stages of the compressor portion 605. This is just a configuration and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the multi-stage compressor section 605 could be illustrated. In any event, the rotating blades 710 associated with the stage 610 are connected to a stub shaft 620, while the rotating blades 715 of the stage 615 and the turbine portion 115 extend along the rotor shaft 125 extending to the charge compressor 160 (through "to Charge compressor »displayed) are connected. At least one of the front stages of the compressor 610, the mid and rear stages of the compressor 615, the turbine portion 115 and / or the charge compressor (160) may include one or more rotating components made of a low density material. The rotating components of a low density material may be interspersed (e.g., stepwise) with rotating components of other materials (e.g., high density materials).
In one embodiment, the stub shaft 620 may be radially outward of the rotor shaft 125 and surround the rotor shaft 125 along the circumference. The bearings 140 are located at the compressor section 605, the turbine section 115, and the charge compressor 160 for supporting the stub shaft 620 and the rotor shaft 125. All, some, or at least one of the bearings 140 in this configuration can be low-loss bearings that include low-loss lubricant, as described here have. Other bearings in the architecture 700 may be monotype low loss bearings, hybrid type low loss bearings, conventional oil bearings, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the low-loss bearings can be used with lubrication at one or more positions, while low-loss bearings having a very low viscosity fluid can be used at other positions. Such low-loss bearings are particularly well suited for supporting those portions of the architecture 700 that have rotating components made of low density materials.
In operation, the rotor shaft 125 allows the turbine section 115 to drive the charge compressor (160 as shown in FIG. 1). The stub shaft 620 may rotate at a lower operating speed than the rotor shaft 125, causing the blades 710 of the front stage 610 to move at a slower speed than the blades 715 in the middle and rear stages of the stage 615 (which are connected to the rotor shaft 125) ) to rotate. In another embodiment, the stub shaft 620 may be used to rotate the blades 710 of the stage 610 in a direction other than the blades 715 of the stage 615. By causing the rotating blades 710 of the stage 610 to rotate at a slower speed and / or in a different direction than the blades 715 of the stage 615, the shaft stub 620 may allow the speed of the front stages of the blades (eg about 3000 rpm), while the rotor shaft 125 can maintain the rotational speed of the rotating blades 135 of the turbine section 115, and thus the speed of the charge compressor 160, for constant speed operation (eg, 3600 rpm).
Decelerating the speed of the front stages of the blades 710 in the stage 610 compared to the middle and rear stages of the blades 715 in the stage 615 allows the use of larger blades in the front stages. Due to their larger size, the air flow (or gas flow) through the compressor section 605 is increased as compared with a conventional compressor, meaning that a larger air flow through the gas turbine 20 flows. More air flow through the gas turbine 20 means a higher output power.
Further, because the rotating blades 710 of the front stages can operate at reduced speed, attachment stresses typically encountered in these stages can be mitigated. Thus, if a compressor manufacturer wishes to continue to use blades of high density material in the front stages, the slower speed of the front stage 610 allows the front stage rotating blades to be manufactured in larger sizes and yet within the prescribed AN < 2> limits to stay. The US patent application with the serial no. No. 14 / 460,560 and entitled "MULTI-STAGE AXIAL COMPRESSOR ARRANGEMENT", Attorney Docket No. 257,269-1, filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference, provides further details on the use of a Stub shaft to achieve a slower speed in the front stages of a compressor.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a gas turbine architecture 800 having a front-drive gas turbine engine 22 with a reheat section 205. The architecture 800 further includes a stub shaft 620 for reducing the speed of the forward stages of a compressor in the gas turbine engine 22, at least one low loss bearing having a low loss lubricant, and at least one rotating component made from a low density material, according to one Embodiment of the present invention. The low-loss bearing having a low-loss lubricant may be used at one or more positions in conjunction with monotype or hybrid-type bearings having a very low viscosity fluid and / or conventional high viscosity oil bearings. As discussed above, the bearings 140 are in fluid communication with a bearing fluid supply unit 150, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
In this embodiment, the reheating section 205 may be added to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 7. In this arrangement, the rotating blades 705 and 710 in the stages 610 and 615 of the compressor section 605, the rotating blades 135 of the turbine section 115, the rotating blades 220 of the reheat turbine section 215, and / or the rotary blades (165) of the charge compressor (FIGS. 160) have vanes made of a low density material.
Again, this is one possible implementation and is not intended to limit the scope of the architecture 800. For example, any number of low density blades may be present in combination with blades of other types of materials (e.g., high density materials) in the driveline, as long as there is at least one rotating component having a low density material. Alternatively or additionally, rotating components other than blades may be made of low density materials in one or more sections. The gas turbine 22 of FIG. 8 may be substituted for the gas turbine 12 in those powertrain architectures having a gas turbine with a reheat section 205, including the powertrain architecture 200 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a gas turbine architecture 900 having a multi-shaft gas turbine 26 with a low-speed drum 805 and a high-speed drum 905. The gas turbine 26 further includes at least one low-loss bearing 140 having a low-loss lubricant for use in the drive train of the gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. The gas turbine 26 of FIG. 9 may be substituted for the front-drive gas turbine 10 in the on-stream streamline architecture 100 shown in FIG. 1.
In this embodiment, a compressor 805 includes a low pressure compressor 810 and a high pressure compressor 815 separated from the low pressure compressor 810 by air. In addition, the gas turbine architecture 900 includes a turbine 1000 that includes a low pressure turbine 1010 and a high pressure turbine 1015 that is separated from the low pressure turbine 1010 by air. The low speed drum 805 may include the low pressure compressor 810 driven by the low pressure turbine 1010. The high speed drum 905 may include the high pressure compressor 815 that is driven by the high pressure turbine 1015. In this architecture 900, the low speed drum 805 may drive the charge compressor (160 as indicated by "to the charge compressor") at a desired speed (eg, 3600 rpm) to operate at a desired frequency (eg, 60 Hz) while the high speed drum 905 operates with a speed higher than that of the low-speed drum (eg more than 3600 rpm), forming a double-drum arrangement.
In FIG. 9, at least one of the bearings 140 that support the driveline 900 may be a low-loss bearing having a low-loss lubricant. The low-loss bearing with lubrication can be used in conjunction with low-loss monotype or hybrid-type bearings having a very low viscosity fluid and / or with conventional high viscosity oil bearings. The bearings 140 are in fluid communication with at least one bearing fluid supply unit 150, as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
Fig. 9 shows that the rotating blades 820, 825 of the compressor sections 810, 815, the rotating blades 1020, 1025 of the turbine sections 1010, 1015 and the rotating blades (165) of the charge compressor (160) are made of a low density material can be as indicated by the dashed lines. This is a possible implementation and is not intended to limit the scope of the architecture 900. Again, any combination of low density rotating components (eg, blades) used with rotating components (eg, blades) made of different compositions (eg, high density materials) may be present as long as at least one rotating component used in the powertrain is present, which has a low density material. In at least one embodiment, the low density materials are utilized in one or more rotating components in the portion (s) of powertrain architecture 900 that is supported by low-loss bearings, particularly low-lubrication bearings with lubrication.
Optionally, a torque varying mechanism 1208, such as a transmission, a torque converter, a gear set or the like, may be positioned along the low speed drum 805 between the gas turbine 26 and the charge compressor (not shown, but indicated by "to the charge compressor"). When a torque varying mechanism 1208 is included, the torque varying mechanism 1208 provides an output correction such that the low speed drum 805 operates at a speed greater than 3600 RPM and drives the charge compressor at a lower speed of 3600 RPM while still providing an operating output of 60 Hz can reach. Such an arrangement may be desirable in some mechanical drive arrangements.
As described herein, embodiments of the present invention describe various mechanical drive architectures that can utilize low-loss, lubricated bearings and low-density materials as part of the powertrain used for industrial applications. These gas turbine driven mechanical drive, low loss, low density lubrication bearings can provide high air flow rate compared to other powertrains using conventional oil and high density materials. In addition, this delivery provides a higher rate of air flow while reducing viscous losses typically introduced to the powertrain through the use of high viscosity oil bearings. The use of low-loss bearings with lubrication can be translated into a reduction in maintenance costs, since many of the components associated with the high viscosity oil bearings can be removed or reduced in size.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the disclosure. As used here, the singulars "a," "an," and "the" should also include plurals, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It is further understood that the terms "comprising," "having," "containing," "containing," and "having," as used in this specification, includes the presence of the specified features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of any one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should also be understood that the terms "front" and "front" and "rear" and "rear" are not intended to be limiting and, when appropriate, to be interchangeable.
While the disclosure has been particularly shown and described in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that variations and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it should be understood that the appended claims are intended to embrace all such modifications and alterations as fall within the true scope of the disclosure.
Mechanical drive architectures may include a gas turbine having a compressor section, a turbine section, and a combustor section. The gas turbine drives a charge compressor. A rotor shaft extends through the gas turbine and the charge compressor. At least one of the rotating components in the gas turbine or charge compressor contains a low density material. Bearings support the rotor shaft within the gas turbine and the supercharger, with at least one of the bearings being a low loss bearing with lubrication.

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
1. Mechanical drive architecture comprising:a gas turbine having a compressor section, a turbine section and a combustor section operatively connected to the compressor section and the turbine section;a charge compressor driven by the gas turbine;a rotor shaft extending through the compressor section and the turbine section of the gas turbine and the charge compressor; anda plurality of bearings for supporting the rotor shaft within the gas turbine and the charge compressor, wherein at least one of the bearings is a low loss bearing having a low loss lubricant;wherein the compressor section, the turbine section and the charge compressor each have a plurality of rotating components, wherein at least one of the rotating components in at least one of the compressor section, the turbine section and the charge compressor comprises a low-density material.
[2]
2. Mechanical drive architecture according to claim 1, further comprising at least one low-loss bearing having a fluid of very low viscosity and / or at least one conventional oil storage.
[3]
3. The mechanical drive architecture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotor shaft comprises a single shaft arrangement; and orwherein the gas turbine comprises a Heckendantrieb gas turbine; and orwherein the mechanical drive architecture further comprises a load coupling element for connecting the charge compressor to the gas turbine along the rotor shaft.
[4]
4. The mechanical drive architecture of claim 1, wherein the rotor shaft comprises a multi-shaft assembly having a first rotor shaft extending through the compressor section and the turbine section and a second rotor shaft extending through the charge compressor each of the first rotor shaft and the second rotor shaft is supported by the plurality of bearings;wherein the mechanical drive architecture preferably further comprises a gear assembly configured to rotate the rotating components of the gas turbine at a different rotational speed than that of the rotating components in the charge compressor.
[5]
5. The mechanical drive architecture of claim 4, further comprising a power turbine section connected to the second rotor shaft for driving the charge compressor; wherein the power turbine section comprises a plurality of rotating components, wherein at least one of the rotating components in the compressor section, the turbine section, the charge compressor and the power turbine section comprises the low density material.
[6]
6. The mechanical drive architecture of claim 1, further comprising a reheat section operatively connected to the turbine section along the first rotor shaft, the reheat section including a reheat combustor section and a reheat turbine section having a plurality of rotating components; wherein at least one of the rotating components in the compressor section, the turbine section, the charge compressor, the power turbine section, and the reheat turbine section comprises the low density material.
[7]
7. The mechanical drive architecture of claim 1, wherein the compressor section includes front stages distal to the combustor section, rear stages proximal to the combustor section, and intermediate stages disposed therebetween, each of the front steps, the middle steps, and the rear step Stages comprising several rotating components; wherein at least one of the rotating components in the front stages, the middle stages and the rear stages of the compressor section, the turbine section and the charge compressor comprises the low density material; and wherein the mechanical drive architecture further comprises a stub shaft radially outward of the rotor shaft and extending through the front steps such that the rotating components of the front stages disposed about the stub shaft operate at a slower speed than the rotating ones Mid and rear stage components disposed about the rotor shaft;the plurality of bearings preferably having shaft journal bearings for supporting the stub shaft, at least one of the shaft stub bearings having a low loss bearing with lubrication.
[8]
8. The mechanical drive architecture of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compressor section includes a low pressure compressor section and a high pressure compressor section and the turbine section includes a low pressure turbine section and a high pressure turbine section; wherein the high-pressure turbine section drives the high-pressure compressor section and the low-pressure turbine section drives the low-pressure compressor section.
[9]
9. The mechanical drive architecture of claim 8, wherein each of the low pressure compressor section, the high pressure compressor section, the low pressure turbine section, and the high pressure turbine section has a plurality of rotating components; and wherein at least one of the rotating components of the low pressure compressor section, the high pressure compressor section, the low pressure turbine section, the high pressure turbine section, and the charge compressor comprises the low density material.
[10]
10. The mechanical drive architecture of claim 8 or 9, wherein the rotor shaft comprises a double drum assembly having a low-speed drum and a high-speed drum, the low-speed drum having the low-pressure turbine section and the low-pressure compressor section and the high-speed drum section, the high-pressure turbine section and the high-pressure compressor section has;wherein the low speed drum and the high speed drum are preferably supported by the plurality of bearings, at least one of the bearings having a low loss bearing with lubrication.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CN105370406A|2016-03-02|

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JP2016041933A|2016-03-31|

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US20160047308A1|2016-02-18|

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DE102015112766A1|2016-02-18|

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法律状态:
2017-03-15| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH GLOBAL PATENT, CH |

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2019-05-15| AZW| Rejection (application)|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US14/460,418|US20160047308A1|2014-08-15|2014-08-15|Mechanical drive architectures with low-loss lubricant bearings and low-density materials|

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